Spring系列文章:Spring使用JdbcTemplate

admin 9830 2025-10-06 00:25:08

一、简介

JdbcTemplate是Spring提供的⼀个JDBC模板类,是对JDBC的封装,简化JDBC代码。 当然,你也可以不⽤,可以让Spring集成其它的ORM框架,例如:MyBatis、Hibernate等。

第一步:引入依赖

org.springframework

spring-context

6.0.2

junit

junit

4.13.2

test

mysql

mysql-connector-java

8.0.30

org.springframework

spring-jdbc

6.0.2

二、整合JdbcTemplate

第二步:编写Spring配置⽂件

JdbcTemplate是Spring提供好的类,这类的完整类名是: org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate 我们怎么使⽤这个类呢?new对象就可以了。怎么new对象,Spring最在⾏了。直接将这个类配置到 Spring配置⽂件中,纳⼊Bean管理即可。

可以看到JdbcTemplate中有⼀个DataSource属性,这个属性是数据源,我们都知道连接数据库需要 Connection对象,⽽⽣成Connection对象是数据源负责的。

所以我们需要给JdbcTemplate设置数据源 属性。 所有的数据源都是要实现javax.sql.DataSource接⼝的。这个数据源可以⾃⼰写⼀个,也可以⽤写好的, ⽐如:阿⾥巴巴的德鲁伊连接池,c3p0,dbcp等。我们这⾥⾃⼰先⼿写⼀个数据源。

public class MyDataSource implements DataSource {

// 添加4个属性

private String driver;

private String url;

private String username;

private String password;

// 提供4个setter⽅法

public void setDriver(String driver) {

this.driver = driver;

}

public void setUrl(String url) {

this.url = url;

}

public void setUsername(String username) {

this.username = username;

}

public void setPassword(String password) {

this.password = password;

}

// 重点写怎么获取Connection对象就⾏。其他⽅法不⽤管。

@Override

public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {

try {

Class.forName(driver);

Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);

return conn;

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

return null;

}

@Override

public Connection getConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException {

return null;

}

@Override

public PrintWriter getLogWriter() throws SQLException {

return null;

}

@Override

public void setLogWriter(PrintWriter out) throws SQLException {

}

@Override

public void setLoginTimeout(int seconds) throws SQLException {

}

@Override

public int getLoginTimeout() throws SQLException {

return 0;

}

@Override

public Logger getParentLogger() throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException {

return null;

}

@Override

public T unwrap(Class iface) throws SQLException {

return null;

}

@Override

public boolean isWrapperFor(Class iface) throws SQLException {

return false;

}

}

写完数据源,我们需要把这个数据源传递给JdbcTemplate。因为JdbcTemplate中有⼀个DataSource属 性:

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

三、增删改查

1、增加

public class SpringTest {

@Test

public void test(){

// 获取JdbcTemplate对象

ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");

JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = applicationContext.getBean("jdbcTemplate", JdbcTemplate.class);

/*注意:insert delete update的sql语句,都是执⾏update⽅法。update⽅法有两个参数:

第⼀个参数:要执⾏的SQL语句。(SQL语句中可能会有占位符 ? )

第⼆个参数:可变⻓参数,参数的个数可以是0个,也可以是多个。⼀般是SQL语句中有⼏个问号,

则对应⼏个参数。*/

String sql = "insert into t_user(id,real_name,age) values(?,?,?)";

int count = jdbcTemplate.update(sql, null, "张三", 30);

System.out.println("插⼊的记录条数:" + count);

}

}

2、修改

public class SpringTest {

@Test

public void test(){

ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");

JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = applicationContext.getBean("jdbcTemplate", JdbcTemplate.class);

// 执⾏更新操作

String sql = "update t_user set real_name = ?, age = ? where id = ?";

int count = jdbcTemplate.update(sql, "张三丰", 55, 1);

System.out.println("更新的记录条数:" + count);

}

}

3、删除

public class SpringTest {

@Test

public void test(){

ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");

JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = applicationContext.getBean("jdbcTemplate", JdbcTemplate.class);

// 执⾏delete

String sql = "delete from t_user where id = ?";

int count = jdbcTemplate.update(sql, 1);

System.out.println("删除了⼏条记录:" + count);

}

}

4、查询一个对象

public class SpringTest {

@Test

public void test(){

ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");

JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = applicationContext.getBean("jdbcTemplate", JdbcTemplate.class);

// 执⾏select

String sql = "select id, real_name, age from t_user where id = ?";

/*

queryForObject⽅法三个参数:

第⼀个参数:sql语句

第⼆个参数:Bean属性值和数据库记录⾏的映射对象。在构造⽅法中指定映射的对象类型。

第三个参数:可变⻓参数,给sql语句的占位符问号传值。

*/

User user = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(User.class), 2);

System.out.println(user);

}

}

5、查询多个对象

public class SpringTest {

@Test

public void test(){

ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");

JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = applicationContext.getBean("jdbcTemplate", JdbcTemplate.class);

// 执⾏select

String sql = "select id, real_name, age from t_user";

List users = jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(User.class));

System.out.println(users);

}

}

6、查询⼀个值

public class SpringTest {

@Test

public void test(){

ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");

JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = applicationContext.getBean("jdbcTemplate", JdbcTemplate.class);

// 执⾏select

String sql = "select count(1) from t_user";

Integer count = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, int.class); // 这⾥⽤Integer.class也可以

System.out.println("总记录条数:" + count);

}

}

7、批量添加

public class SpringTest {

@Test

public void test(){

ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");

JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = applicationContext.getBean("jdbcTemplate", JdbcTemplate.class);

// 批量添加

String sql = "insert into t_user(id,real_name,age) values(?,?,?)";

Object[] objs1 = {null, "⼩花", 20};

Object[] objs2 = {null, "⼩明", 21};

Object[] objs3 = {null, "⼩刚", 22};

List list = new ArrayList<>();

list.add(objs1);

list.add(objs2);

list.add(objs3);

int[] count = jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql, list);

System.out.println(Arrays.toString(count));

}

}

8、批量修改

public class SpringTest {

@Test

public void test(){

ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");

JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = applicationContext.getBean("jdbcTemplate", JdbcTemplate.class);

// 批量修改

String sql = "update t_user set real_name = ?, age = ? where id = ?";

Object[] objs1 = {"⼩花11", 10, 2};

Object[] objs2 = {"⼩明22", 12, 3};

Object[] objs3 = {"⼩刚33", 9, 4};

List list = new ArrayList<>();

list.add(objs1);

list.add(objs2);

list.add(objs3);

int[] count = jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql, list);

System.out.println(Arrays.toString(count));

}

}

9、批量删除

public class SpringTest {

@Test

public void test(){

ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");

JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = applicationContext.getBean("jdbcTemplate", JdbcTemplate.class);

// 批量删除

String sql = "delete from t_user where id = ?";

Object[] objs1 = {2};

Object[] objs2 = {3};

Object[] objs3 = {4};

List list = new ArrayList<>();

list.add(objs1);

list.add(objs2);

list.add(objs3);

int[] count = jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql, list);

System.out.println(Arrays.toString(count));

}

}

10、使⽤回调函数

public class SpringTest {

@Test

public void test(){

ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");

JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = applicationContext.getBean("jdbcTemplate", JdbcTemplate.class);

String sql = "select id, real_name, age from t_user where id = ?";

User user = jdbcTemplate.execute(sql, new PreparedStatementCallback() {

@Override

public User doInPreparedStatement(PreparedStatement ps) throws SQLException, DataAccessException {

User user = null;

ps.setInt(1, 5);

ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();

if (rs.next()) {

user = new User();

user.setId(rs.getInt("id"));

user.setRealName(rs.getString("real_name"));

user.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));

}

return user;

}

});

System.out.println(user);

}

}

四、使⽤德鲁伊连接池

上面数据源是⽤我们⾃⼰写的。也可以使⽤别⼈写好的。例如⽐较⽜的德鲁伊连接池。

第⼀步:引⼊德鲁伊连接池的依赖。

com.alibaba

druid

1.1.8

第⼆步:将德鲁伊中的数据源配置到spring配置⽂件中。和配置我们⾃⼰写的⼀样。

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

测试

public class SpringTest {

@Test

public void test(){

// 获取JdbcTemplate对象

ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");

JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = applicationContext.getBean("jdbcTemplate", JdbcTemplate.class);

String sql = "insert into t_user(id,real_name,age) values(?,?,?)";

int count = jdbcTemplate.update(sql, null, "张三", 30);

System.out.println("插⼊的记录条数:" + count);

}

}

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